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[top] [end]Small Scale HydronetHYDRONET - is an international publication promoting communication between all those dealing with minihydro power. It provides a platform for an interchange of experiences, activities, problems and solutions. HYDRONET is the result of networking within the Mini Hydro Power Group.HYDRONET - is a tool for international coordination - it is much more than a newsletter. HYDRONET - is sponsored and edited by the members of the Mini Hydro Power Group. It has 16 pages and is published three times a year, in English and Spanish, by MHPG. In addition to feature articles, HYDRONET offers a questions and answer service. If information is not available directly, outside experts are sought. HIDRORED - the Spanish edition of the newsletter, is being produced in Lima, Peru. The Mini Hydro Power Group, MHPG, existed long before it had a name: it is an association of various institutions already sharing experiences fruitfully in the field of micro and mini hydro projects in developing countries. (Micro - less than 100 KW, Mini - 100-1,000 KW).
projekt-consult - Beratund in Entwicklungslandern GmbH, Germany FAKT - Fordergesellschaft fur angepasste Techniken in der Dritten Welt, Germany ITDG - Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK PPL - Projekt-Planung-Lauterjung, Germany SKAT - Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology, Switzerland GTZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, Germany The Intermediate Technology Development Group's micro-hydro power programme has been operating since 1979 in many countries. In this time more than 200 feasibility studies have been completed and over 40 schemes designed and commissioned by IT staff. Our work is collaborative and we have worked with many governments, NGOs, research institutions, communities and small manufacturers worldwide. We have offices in Peru, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Zimbabwe. IT specialises in:
[top] [end]FECT"Green Valley", newsletter of FECT- Pakistan-German, Fuel Efficient Cooking Technologies Project.We welcome the first English language stove newsletter from Pakistan. It has 16 pages and is produced quarterly by FECT - P O Box 896, University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan, editors T R Faqir and T Neumaier. It contains several interesting articles about stove work in Pakistan as well as a humorous article about stove programme staff recruitment which will remind many projects such as ours at ITDG of similar experiences. The first article by T A & A Alismalli sets out briefly but clearly why several stove designs and project strategies have failed in Pakistan as elsewhere. It also describes the stoves and marketing methods developed in cooperation with Thomas Neumaier of GTZ which they believe are now succeeding. We wish success to FECT and Sabz Wadi. [top] [end]Catalyst[top] [end]Private Enterprise in the Public InterestCatalyst is the new name of the Technical Bulletin of ATI - Appropriate Technology International, 1331 H Street, NW Washington DC 20005, USA.ATI is a private, non-profit, development assistance organisation with projects in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Its principal operations funder is USAID. The following extract from the November 1991 edition of Catalyst (another example of stove technology transfer). [top] [end]Diambar Stoves in SenegalNearly two-thirds of the energy consumed in Senegal comes from wood and wood byproducts. Of 3.4 million cubic metres of wood cut to satisfy domestic firewood needs, 40% is processed into charcoal. Approximately 220,000 tons of charcoal are consumed annually in Senegal. In 1986, the capital city of Dakar consumed between 100,000 and 150,000 tons of the national total.The Diambar charcoal stove derives from the Jiko stove developed in Kenya by CARE and other NGOs. It has a metal casing fitted with a one-piece ceramic liner and grate. The liner rests in the upper half of the casing and is held in place by an insulating layer of cement mixed with vermiculite. At first, a straight-sided casing similar to the Kenyan traditional all-metal stove was used. Later, it was found that changing the shape to a bell-bottom reduced the weight of the stove and the susceptibility of the liner to cracking. The metal casing serves a variety of purposes, including protecting the liner and supporting cooking pots. The liner reduces heat loss from radiation. The grate allows air to circulate from the air vent in the lower half of the stove to the charcoal deposited on top and channels heat directly to the pot. Testing of the Diambar stove in 115 Senegalese households revealed acceptance on three significant variables: fuel savings, cooking time and appearance. According to the 1991 project survey, the average charcoal saving relative to the traditional stove is 51%. The potential market for the Diambar stove consists of the approximately 220,000 urban and pert-urban households in Senegal that already use charcoal for cooking. By the end of the project it is expected that at least 10,000 Diambars will be manufactured and sold. The stove is expected to sell for approximately US$ 10 in Senegal. (The sales price in Nairobi ranges from $3.60 to $4.75 and a replacement liner sells for $1.70). The Diambar will initially be promoted by the manufacturers, and later through a publicity campaign. [top] [end]Stove Activities in Uganda by Tom Otiti ,from FAO "Stove News" Sept/Oct '91Early efforts to introduce energy-efficient stoves were initiated in Uganda more than five years ago by NGOs working in close collaboration with the Kenya Energy and Environment Organizations (KENGO). Although numerous training sessions on stove production were organised, the number of improved stoves disseminated in the country is still not significant.
On average only 20% of the trained artisans continue to manufacture improved stoves. Most of the artisans who started improved stove production in Uganda did so in order to generate income. They are either sole proprietors or private individuals and operate with minimal financial assistance or technical support from the Government. Although the Ministry of Energy (created in 1986, now merged with the Ministry of Environment Protection) provides policy and moral support to improved cookstoves activities, it has not channelled substantial technical assistance to stove manufacturers. The recently-completed, World Bank financed, Household Energy Planning Programme (HEPP), has not resulted in the initiation of stove field activities. HEPP's main output is a set of impressive documents outlining the major problem areas of the country's household energy sub-sector. The documents will, however, be of limited use unless follow-up activities are implemented. The lacklustre performance of the HEPP contrasts sharply with another world Bank-financed initiative in Tanzania which has in less than 3 years managed to disseminate over 20,000 improved stoves and has been instrumental in the establishment of 3 major private sector stove enterprises. The success of the Tanzania project was largely due to its avoiding lengthy surveys and concentrating its efforts on providing limited material and technical resources to a number of selected micro-enterprises which could ensure sustainable manufacture and marketing of improved cookstoves.
Although biomass energy accounts for most of Uganda's household energy supply, the Ministry of Energy has continued to give priority to fossil fuels such as petroleum. This is clearly demonstrated in the estimates for the 1990/91 budget whereby the Petroleum Department was allocated more than 80% of the Ministry's budget. Unfortunately, the performance of NGOs involved in stove activities has not been encouraging either. The vital function of national co-ordination and being a catalyst for stove activities, can best be undertaken by the Government in conjunction with umbrella NGOs such as Uganda National Energy Development Organization (UNEDO). It is, therefore, important that institutional, training and financial support is provided to Government ministries and NGOs interested in improved cookstove activities. In addition, priority attention should be given to supporting and encouraging enterprise development in the stove sub-sector. This would strengthen local energy institutions, encourage collaboration and exchange of information and culminate in the successful large-scale manufacture and dissemination of improved cookstoves in Uganda. Intermediate Technology's aim is to enable poor people to develop and use productive technologies and methods which give them greater control over their own lives and which contribute to the long-term development of their communities. ITDG is a British charity mainly funded by the Overseas Development Administration.
Boiling Point is the journal of the Intermediate Technology Development Group's Stove & Household Energy Programme and the GATE/GTZ Programme. It is printed on recycled paper by Rugby Community Printworks (affiliated to the Rugby Youth Promotion Programme). ITDG is a registered British Charity. Opinions expressed in contributory articles are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the ITDG SHE Programme. [top] [end]Contents: Boiling Point 27: Women, Woodfuel, Work and Welfare
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